Final answer:
Filippo Brunelleschi is famous for inventing linear perspective and designing the dome of the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, Italy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Filippo Brunelleschi, a renowned architect of the Renaissance period, is most famous for inventing linear perspective and for designing the iconic dome of the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore, also known as the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flower, located in Florence, Italy. This cathedral's dome, referred to as the Duomo, remains the largest masonry dome in the world and was constructed using groundbreaking techniques that did not require temporary supports, showcasing Brunelleschi's deep understanding of mathematics and physics.
The correct answer to the question - he is perhaps most famous for inventing linear perspective and designing the dome of which famous cathedral? - is c. Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore.