Final answer:
Primary training adaptations in elite aerobically trained athletes include increased maximal oxygen uptake, decreased blood lactate concentration, increased running economy, and contrary to a decrease, an increased capillary density. Endurance athletes may use supplements like EPO and hGH to further improve these adaptations. Anaerobic exercises also induce adaptations such as increased BMR and may affect muscle fiber composition.
Step-by-step explanation:
Primary training adaptations of elite aerobically trained athletes include a number of physiological changes. Some of these adaptations are , a decreased capillary density would not be an adaptation in aerobically trained athletes; in fact, training typically increases capillary density to facilitate improved oxygen transport to muscles.
Endurance athletes may also use supplements like erythropoietin (EPO) and human growth hormone (hGH) to enhance oxygen delivery and recovery, respectively. These supplements trigger red blood cell production and promote healing in muscle tissues, allowing for greater endurance and faster recovery after exercise.
Regarding anaerobic exercise, it’s characterized by intense activity over a short duration, leading to an increase in lactic acid. Anaerobic exercises such as sprints and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) help build endurance and muscle strength. In response to such training, the body adapts by increasing its basal metabolic rate (BMR), and there may be changes in muscle fiber composition, favoring an increase in slow-twitch fibers that are more efficient at sustaining aerobic activity and are associated with greater endurance.