Final answer:
Sensitization involves an increased behavioral response with repeated exposure to a stimulus, unlike habituation, which represents a decreased response. It's a non-associative learning process distinct from associative learning techniques like classical and operant conditioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sensitization occurs when an animal increases a behavioral response, whenever the stimulus that elicits the response occurs more often/frequently. This is a type of non-associative learning in which the response to a stimulus strengthens with repeated exposures to that stimulus.
Contrary to habituation, where an animal's response diminishes over time with repeated exposure to a stimulus, sensitization implies an enhanced response. It's worth noting that this process can be seen across various species and is different from associative learning mechanisms such as classical conditioning or operant conditioning, where a behavior is linked to a specific stimulus or consequence.
For instance, if a sea snail receives a series of electric shocks, it may show an increased defensive withdrawal response not only to the shock but also to a gentle touch. Such non-associative learning is essential for an organism's survival as it helps prepare for potential threats based on the frequency of encountering a harmful stimulus.