Final answer:
A firewall is a network security device that monitors and controls network traffic. Hackers use tactics like phishing and malware to gain unauthorized access and steal sensitive data. Hacking can be reduced by implementing strong passwords, regular software updates, and network segmentation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Firewall Technology:
A firewall is a network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and an untrusted external network, such as the internet. Firewalls can be implemented through various approaches, including:
Packet Filtering: This approach examines individual packets of data passing through the firewall and applies filters based on predetermined rules.
Stateful Inspection: This technique not only examines individual packets but also tracks the state of connections to ensure that only legitimate traffic is allowed.
Proxy Server: In this implementation, the firewall acts as an intermediary between internal users and external networks, allowing controlled access to resources.
How Hacking Occurs:
Hackers employ various tactics to gain unauthorized access to computer systems. Some common techniques include:
Phishing: Sending deceptive emails or messages to trick users into revealing sensitive information like account credentials.
Malware: Distributing malicious software that can exploit system vulnerabilities or steal information.
Brute Force Attacks: Attempts to gain access by trying all possible combinations of passwords or encryption keys.
Hacker Objectives:
When hackers are successful, they can steal sensitive data, such as personal information, financial details, or intellectual property. They may then use this information for various nefarious purposes, such as:
Identity Theft: Using stolen personal information to impersonate individuals or commit fraud.
Financial Gain: Selling stolen data, accessing bank accounts, or engaging in ransomware attacks.
Espionage: Stealing classified or sensitive information for political or economic advantage.
Preventing and Reducing Hacking:
Steps to mitigate hacking include:
Strong Passwords: Enforcing password complexity and regularly changing passwords.
Regular Software Updates: Patching known vulnerabilities in software and operating systems.
Network Segmentation: Dividing a network into smaller segments to minimize the impact of a potential breach.