Final answer:
Temujin's system of merit promotion is similar to the Song dynasty's practices in that both systems valued meritocracy over hereditary privilege. In the military, he appointed high-ranking commanders based on merit and loyalty. The Song dynasty encouraged public service and talent through examinations and local recommendations, reflecting a shift towards a society governed by ability.
Step-by-step explanation:
Temujin, also known as Genghis Khan, revolutionized Mongol society by implementing a system of merit promotion, which bears similarities to practices observed in the Song dynasty. Both Temujin and the Song dynasty valued the concept of meritocracy over traditional hereditary privileges when it came to government and military appointments.
In the Song dynasty, the recruitment for office often involved examinations and assessments based on abilities and accomplishments, as seen with the practice where talented individuals could be recommended by local officials and subsequently take an exam. Such a system encouraged public service and talent over lineage, echoing Shang Yang's advances in meritocratic recruitment and the ideas of Mozi.
Similarly, Temujin broke away from the traditional Mongol practice of kinship and clan identity determining social and military hierarchy. He established a military structure where warriors were grouped into units that chose their own leaders and were bound by oaths of loyalty. High-ranking commanders were appointed based on merit and loyalty, creating an efficient and unified fighting force while also providing equal opportunities for all males in society, regardless of their class or background.
Both Temujin's and the Song dynasty's systems worked to counter the customary power dynamics and concentrate authority by valuing individual capabilities, paving the way for a society governed more by talent and service than by birthright.