Final answer:
The sheath that encloses the vas deferens along with arteries, veins, and nerves is known as the spermatic cord. It facilitates the transport of sperm and is critical to the functioning of the male reproductive system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The vas deferens, also known as sperm duct or ductus deferens, is a vital component of the male reproductive system, responsible for the transportation of sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts. As sperm exit the tail of the epididymis during ejaculation, they are propelled through the vas deferens by contractions of its smooth muscle layers. The vas deferens is enveloped within a protective sheath that not only contains the sperm duct itself but also houses critical blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. This sheath, part of what is collectively termed the spermatic cord, extends from the deep inguinal ring, passes through the inguinal canal, and down into the scrotum where it joins the testis and epididymis.
Furthermore, the spermatic cord is of clinical significance: in a vasectomy, for instance, the vas deferens is accessed and cut or clamped to prevent the transport of sperm, thus serving as a form of permanent birth control. However, individuals considering a vasectomy are advised to view it as an irreversible procedure despite potential reversal options.