Final answer:
James Madison believed that factions arise from the nature of man, due to differing opinions, economic divisions, and various interests, with control of these factions being a key task for government.
Step-by-step explanation:
James Madison considered the causes of faction to be sown in the nature of man. According to his writings, especially Federalist #10, he believed that the seeds of faction are innate in human nature due to various interests and unequal distribution of property. Different opinions, leaders, and economic divisions based on property and wealth create factions. Madison saw the control of these factions as one of the principal tasks of modern legislation, necessary to maintain a stable government and protect the rights of individuals against the interests of more powerful groups. While disagreeing factions can threaten national unity, he also thought that a larger republic with diverse interests could prevent any one faction from gaining too much power.