Final answer:
Option c, Almoravid and Almohad, is the correct answer, as the Sanhaja and Masmuda tribes respectively established these West African kingdoms.The correct answer to this question is option c. Almoravid and Almohad.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the founding of the West African kingdoms by the Sanhaja and Masmuda tribes. The correct answer to this question is option c. Almoravid and Almohad. The Sanhaja were instrumental in the establishment of the Almoravid dynasty, which was a Berber imperial dynasty that dominated the Western Sahara and parts of what is now Morocco and Spain during the 11th century. The Masmuda, another Berber group, later contributed to the rise of the Almohad dynasty, which succeeded the Almoravids and expanded their reach into North Africa and Spain in the 12th and 13th centuries. These historical developments played a significant role in shaping the medieval West African landscape during periods that witnessed the growth of great African empires and the rich tapestry of cultures and societies.