Final answer:
Yes, the concept that it takes more effort to start pedaling a bicycle than to maintain its speed is related to Newton's first law of motion. This law explains the need to overcome inertia to set a bicycle in motion, which requires a greater force than to simply continue its motion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that an individual needs more effort to start pedaling a bicycle to get it underway than it does to maintain speed once the bicycle is moving is indeed related to Newton's first law of motion. The law states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. When you start pedaling the bicycle, you need to overcome the initial inertia of the stationary bicycle, which requires more force. Once the bicycle is in motion, maintaining the speed requires less effort as you only need to overcome the frictional forces and air resistance, which are much less than the force of inertia.
In response to the other true or false questions: the scenario where a cyclist coasts down one hill and up another hill until she comes to a stop demonstrates the conversion of potential energy to kinetic and then to heat energy through friction, which does indeed warm the tires. This is a true statement. While riding a bicycle up a gentle hill, it does become more difficult to increase kinetic energy compared to potential energy because the act of pedaling harder to move faster requires much more work against gravity, which can make one feel exhausted. Finally, Newton's third law of motion holds that when a person walks and exerts a force on the ground, the ground exerts an equal and opposite force on the person, which allows for walking - a true statement if considering that the forces act on different systems, resulting in a nonzero net force propelling the person forward.