Final answer:
The increase in life expectancy to 68 years in 1950 was due to advancements in medical technology such as antibiotics, improvements in public health like better sanitation, and better living standards including improved nutrition and economic growth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The increase of life expectancy to 68 years in 1950 can be attributed to a variety of factors, including advancements in medical technology, improved public health policies, and better living standards. One of the key medical advancements was the invention and widespread use of antibiotics, which significantly reduced deaths from bacterial infections. Public health improvements, like better sanitation and access to clean water, also played a crucial role. Additionally, the introduction of widespread immunizations against diseases such as polio and tuberculosis helped prevent many illnesses that previously would have led to early mortality.
Furthermore, the development of new medical technologies and procedures, increased access to healthcare, and improved nutrition due to a more consistent food supply also contributed to the greater average lifespan. The establishment of well-organized healthcare systems and the development of preventive care policies also helped reduce mortality rates.
These healthcare advancements, along with broader economic growth improving living conditions, led to a significant reduction in life-threatening conditions and diseases, suggesting a collective improvement in general well-being and health, which was reflected in the elevated life expectancy.