Final answer:
Exercise Physiology involves examining the effects of exercise on muscle cells at the cellular level, including changes in size, metabolism, and performance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject described in the question is Exercise Physiology. Exercise physiology involves the examination of the effects of exercise at the cellular level, specifically within the muscle cell. It focuses on understanding how exercise affects the structure and function of muscle cells, including changes in size, metabolism, and performance.
During exercise, muscle cells can undergo hypertrophy, in which additional structural proteins are added to the muscle fibers, resulting in an increase in cell diameter and muscle mass. Endurance exercise can also increase the amount of mitochondria and myoglobin in muscle cells, making them more efficient in sustained contractions and oxygen utilization.
On the other hand, resistance exercise predominantly affects fast-twitch muscle fibers and causes hypertrophy through the formation of myofibrils and increased thickness of muscle fibers. However, improper resistance training can lead to muscle damage and injury.