Final Answer:
The physiological process that cleanses the blood, eliminates wastes, and maintains salt and water balance is called renal filtration, carried out by the kidneys.
Step-by-step explanation:
Renal filtration is a crucial function of the kidneys, essential for maintaining homeostasis in the body. As blood circulates through the kidneys, waste products, excess salts, and water are filtered out, and these substances form urine. This process helps remove metabolic waste, toxins, and excess fluids from the bloodstream, ensuring a balanced internal environment. Additionally, the kidneys play a vital role in regulating electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, contributing to overall fluid and electrolyte balance.