Question

Concurrent programming, or processing, is central of distributed computing; which is efficiently supported by several operating systems concepts and mechanisms. Briefly discuss one of these mechanisms for the support.

Answer 1

Multithreading is a key operating system mechanism supporting concurrent programming, allowing multiple execution paths within a single process and is supported by systems like UNIX and its various derivatives.

Step-by-step explanation:

Operating System Mechanisms Supporting Concurrent Programming

Concurrent programming is the simultaneous execution of multiple processes or threads and is a key aspect of distributed computing. Several operating system mechanisms support this, with one notable example being multithreading. Multithreading allows a single process to contain multiple, concurrent execution paths. This capability is supported by modern operating systems, such as those that implement the POSIX standard, including versions of UNIX such as IBM's AIX, Sun Microsystems' Solaris, SGI's IRIX, and, historically, Microsoft's Xenix. These systems utilize mechanisms like thread scheduling, synchronization primitives (e.g., mutexes and semaphores), and thread-local storage, which together enable efficient and safe concurrent operation within an application, utilizing the underlying hardware's multiple cores or processors.

This is only one of the various concurrent programming support mechanisms available in modern operating systems, but it is foundational to enabling a high level of parallel processing and effective use of system resources.

Answer 2

One key mechanism for supporting concurrent programming in distributed computing is "threading." Threading allows multiple threads to execute concurrently within a single process, enhancing efficiency and responsiveness by enabling parallel task execution.

Step-by-step explanation:

One crucial mechanism for supporting concurrent programming in distributed computing is the concept of "threading." Threading allows multiple threads (lightweight processes) to execute concurrently within a single process, sharing the same memory space. Operating systems facilitate threading by providing thread management mechanisms. Threads enable parallel execution of tasks, enhancing the overall efficiency and responsiveness of a system. They are particularly beneficial in distributed systems where multiple tasks need to be performed concurrently.

Thread management involves functions like creation, scheduling, and synchronization. By leveraging threads, developers can design applications that efficiently handle concurrent tasks, improving the system's throughput and responsiveness. Threading is a fundamental mechanism that operating systems employ to harness the full potential of concurrent programming in distributed computing environments.