Final answer:
In sociology, the major theoretical perspectives include Structural Functionalism, Conflict Theory, and Symbolic Interactionism. These paradigms are fundamental in understanding social phenomena and are applied by sociologists to study various aspects of social life.
Step-by-step explanation:
Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
In sociology, theoretical perspectives or paradigms are frameworks for understanding various aspects of social life. These perspectives are utilized to formulate theories, generalizations, and to guide research. Three major theoretical perspectives that have come to dominate sociological thinking are:
- Structural Functionalism - This perspective views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. It emphasizes the importance of social institutions and their roles in maintaining the social order.
- Conflict Theory - Conflict theory focuses on the power differentials and struggles between various social groups. It suggests that social order is maintained through domination and power, rather than consensus and conformity.
- Symbolic Interactionism - This paradigm examines society by focusing on the meanings individuals impose on objects, events, and behaviors. Communication and interaction are the mainstays of this perspective, emphasizing how personal and group meanings are constructed and change over time.
Sociologists apply these perspectives to analyze and explain social phenomena, including social institutions and religion. Each theoretical framework offers a unique lens through which to view the complexities of society and human behavior.