Final answer:
True,The action research methodology is true to be most appropriate while effecting planned changes, as it is participatory and ideal for iterative problem-solving in changing environments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The action research methodology is indeed most appropriate while effecting planned changes, and therefore the correct answer to the student's question is a. true.
Action research is a participatory and democratic research method that involves reflecting on and improving practices. This methodology is highly beneficial in contexts where changes require adaptations over time and ongoing collaboration among stakeholders. It emphasizes iterative problem-solving led by individuals working with others in teams or as part of a 'community of practice' to improve the way they address issues and solve problems.
Experiments in scientific research can lead to cause-and-effect claims, but it is important to acknowledge the limitations and ethical considerations, especially when they involve human participants. Additionally, variables not accounted for in the experimental design can affect the results. This is a fundamental principle of scientific inquiry and underscores why methodologies such as action research, which are more adaptable and reflective, are sometimes preferred.