Final answer:
The general adaptation syndrome model (option d) by Hans Selye explains different stress responses, like those of Celeste and Celine, through stages of alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scenario describing Celeste remaining unaffected by a network outage while Celine reacts strongly suggests a difference in stress responses, which can be explained by option d, the general adaptation syndrome model. Developed by Hans Selye, this model outlines how stress affects individuals through three stages: alarm reaction, stage of resistance, and stage of exhaustion. During the alarm reaction, an individual’s immediate response to a stressor mirrors the fight-or-flight response, where physiological changes occur to prepare the body to deal with the threat. If the stress is prolonged and the individual enters the stage of resistance, their body adapts to the stressor. Eventually, if the stressor persists, the individual may reach the stage of exhaustion, where their physical resources are depleted, leading to potential health risks.
In contrast to Selye’s focus on physiological responses to stress, the cultural systems model examines idioms of distress and cultural interpretations of stress-related behaviors. However, in the context of the original question, the general adaptation syndrome model is more directly related to how individuals physically and psychologically respond to stress, like network outages, in their environment.