Final answer:
Lactose intolerant individuals lack the enzyme lactase, leading to an inability to digest lactose. This can cause symptoms such as bloating and discomfort after consuming dairy products. Treatment includes avoiding lactose or using lactose-free alternatives and supplements.
Step-by-step explanation:
Lactose intolerant individuals lack sufficient amounts of the enzyme lactase, which is essential for the digestion of lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. Without adequate lactase, lactose remains undigested and leads to various gastrointestinal symptoms when dairy products are consumed. This condition is most common in certain populations, such as those of Asian descent, and can vary from mild to severe.
While some children may outgrow lactose intolerance, many adults experience a decrease in lactase production over time, exacerbating the symptoms. Treatments include dietary adjustments, such as avoiding lactose-containing foods or using lactose-free milk and supplements that contain the lactase enzyme to aid digestion.
In contrast to lactose intolerance, galactosemia is a more severe genetic disorder that prevents the metabolism of galactose into glucose, leading to the buildup of galactose in the blood.