Final answer:
The factor that complicates improvement of training programs is the lack of program evaluation, hindering the ability to continuously refine and assess the effectiveness of these programs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The factor that makes it difficult to improve subsequent training programs is likely the lack of program evaluation. Having mechanisms in place for assessing the effectiveness of training is crucial for continuous improvement. According to a study by Arthur et al. (2003), effective evaluation of training programs involves assessing the immediate response of the employee, confirming that learning outcomes were met, monitoring changes in behaviors on the job, and analyzing results like productivity and profits. Without this evaluation, it is difficult to identify what aspects of the training program were successful and what areas need improvement for future training efforts. The reference to not having systems in place for long-term follow-up evaluations underlines the importance of having a thorough evaluation process.