Final answer:
Bullying differs from incivility in that it involves a deliberate, repeated pattern of behavior intended to harm, with a power imbalance between bully and victim, including physical, emotional, or psychological harm, leading to negative mental health outcomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The key difference between incivility and bullying lies in the repeated and intentional nature of the latter. While incivility can be understood as rude or unsociable behavior that might be accidental or arise from a lack of awareness, bullying is characterized by a pattern of deliberate behavior, where the actions are intended to inflict harm, injury, or humiliation on the victim and occur repeatedly over time. In cases of bullying, there is a clear imbalance of power between the bully and the victim. Physical bullying includes acts of violence or aggression whereas emotional and psychological harm can result from verbal abuse, threats, intimidation, and cyberbullying. Additionally, bullying can lead to serious mental health consequences such as anxiety, depression, and even thoughts of self-harm. It's important to recognize the presence of witnesses or bystanders in bullying situations, as their reaction or lack thereof can impact the likelihood of intervention.