Final answer:
The five arteries that branch from the abdominal aorta include the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, inferior phrenic arteries, and renal arteries. These arteries supply blood to vital organs such as the liver, stomach, spleen, small and large intestines, kidneys, and the inferior surface of the diaphragm.
Step-by-step explanation:
The abdominal aorta is a major blood vessel in the human body, which branches off into several important arteries that supply blood to various organs and regions. After the aorta passes through the diaphragm, it becomes the abdominal aorta. It gives rise to numerous branches before ending at about the level of vertebra L4, where it divides into the common iliac arteries. Some of the major branches of the abdominal aorta include:
- The celiac trunk (also known as the celiac artery), which further divides into the left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery. The common hepatic artery then gives rise to several arteries such as the hepatic artery proper, right gastric artery, cystic artery, and others that supply blood to organs like the liver and stomach.
- The superior mesenteric artery, which supplies blood to parts of the small intestine and the large intestine.
- The inferior mesenteric artery, which supplies blood to the distal segment of the large intestine including the rectum.
- The inferior phrenic arteries, which supply blood to the inferior surface of the diaphragm.
- The renal arteries, each supplying blood to a kidney.
Additionally, other branches such as the adrenal arteries, gonadal arteries (which are either ovarian or testicular arteries based on sex), and lumbar arteries play vital roles in supplying blood to their respective organs and regions of the body.