Final answer:
Hazrat Ali's birthday is commemorated on the 13th Rajab of the Islamic lunar calendar. The Islamic lunar calendar does not align annually with the Gregorian calendar, so the date shifts each year. The correct answer to the student's question is option 'a'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The birthday of Hazrat Ali is commemorated on the 13th Rajab of the Islamic lunar calendar. Hazrat Ali is a revered figure in Islam, especially among Shia Muslims, who consider him the first legitimate Imam. It's important to note that due to the uncorrected lunar calendar used in Islam, this date does not correspond to a fixed date on the Gregorian calendar and therefore shifts approximately 11 days earlier each year.
The correct answer to the question is option 'a' which states that Hazrat Ali's birthday is on the 13th Rajab; different Islamic sects may celebrate this occasion with various names, but it is not referred to as Eid-e-Ghadeer, which is actually a separate occasion commemorating the event when Prophet Muhammad designated Ali as his successor. The other options listed - 'b' 17th Ramadan; Lailat al-Qadr, 'c' 21st Ramadan; Eid-e-Zahra, and 'd' 10th Muharram; Ashura - are significant dates in Islam but are associated with other events and observances.