Final answer:
A theme in literature is the underlying message or insight about life and humanity that a narrative conveys, connecting characters and plot to a broader perspective. Themes are complex and multifaceted, often addressing philosophical and ethical questions, as seen in works like Shakespeare's 'Hamlet' or myths like the story of Narcissus.
Step-by-step explanation:
A theme can be defined as a general idea or insight about human existence that is revealed in a story, poem, or play. In literature, the theme is the unifying idea or insight that connects the elements of the narrative, including plot points, conflicts, and characters, to a broader statement about humanity, life, or our universe. While some may believe that literature's purpose is to convey a singular 'message,' it's crucial to understand that themes are often more complex and cannot be reduced to simple maxims or morals. Instead, themes are intricately woven elements that explore the complexities and contradictions of human existence.
For instance, Shakespeare's Hamlet addresses multiple themes like grief, vengeance, and political corruption. These themes draw attention to deeper philosophical and ethical questions that resonate with audiences beyond the specifics of the plot. Similarly, myths, such as the myth of Narcissus from Ovid's Metamorphoses, do not merely recount events but provide insights into cultural values and the human condition.