Final answer:
Neutrophils express various adhesion molecules, including integrins and selectins, which facilitate cell adhesion, immune response, and migration towards inflammatory sites. ICAMs, part of the neutrophils' glycocalyx, also contribute to cellular interactions vital for tissue repair and immune responses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The adhesion molecules expressed on neutrophils include a variety of transmembrane proteins that play a crucial role in cell adhesion and immune response. Key molecules involved in these processes are integrins, which are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that engage with extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin, laminin, and collagens.
Selectins are another group of adhesion molecules that allow neutrophils to bind to endothelial cells during the inflammatory process, aiding in their migration out of the bloodstream and towards sites of tissue damage or infection. Furthermore, molecules within the neutrophil's glycocalyx, which include glycoprotein ICAMs (Intercellular Cell Adhesion Molecules), facilitate tight bonding between cells.
Research in biomaterials has focused on the utilization of pro-adhesive factors like the cell-adhesive peptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) to enhance cell attachment to biomaterial scaffolds, and these interactions are intermediated by integrins, proving the fundamental nature of cell adhesion molecules in tissue repair and development.