Final answer:
Family, social visibility, contact, mass media, unequal power, and competition are external factors of racism, which establish and perpetuate social and power hierarchies in systemic and institutional contexts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The factors mentioned - family, social visibility, contact, mass media, unequal power, and competition - are considered external factors of racism. Racism involves power structures and social influences that extend beyond individual biases and prejudices, affecting groups and institutions. These external factors can create and reinforce a social hierarchy and system of power that privileges certain individuals or groups at the expense of others. This can be seen in systemic and institutional racism, where established historical, economic, and political contexts disproportionately impact certain racial groups.