Final answer:
The killing of a human being or viable fetus by another individual is known as homicide. Abortion, a type of homicide, involves the intentional ending of a pregnancy and is subject to heated moral and legal debate, often influenced by one's stance on the rights of the pregnant person versus the fetus.
Step-by-step explanation:
The killing of a human being or viable fetus by another human being is known as homicide. Homicide can be further classified depending on the circumstances and intentions behind the act. One of the most contentious and morally charged forms of homicide is abortion, which is the intentional ending of a pregnancy. Debates about abortion often involve discussions around the rights of the pregnant person versus the rights of the fetus. Those who are pro-choice advocate for the rights of the pregnant individual, often referring to the living organism inside the womb as a 'fetus' and focusing on the importance of individual autonomy. Conversely, those who are pro-life emphasize the rights of the 'unborn child,' altogether equating abortion with the act of murder. Legal definitions and moral considerations of abortion have evolved over time, as seen in the landmark Supreme Court decisions of Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey, which shaped the legality of abortion in the United States.