Final answer:
The two major divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic division, which handles the 'fight-or-flight' response, and the parasympathetic division, which controls 'rest and digest' functions. The correct answer is E) sympathetic division and parasympathetic division.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two major divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. The ANS is a component of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions. The sympathetic division is responsible for the body's 'fight-or-flight' response during stressful situations, mobilizing energy and resources to either face a challenge or escape it. Conversely, the parasympathetic division governs the body during restful times, when it oversees 'rest and digest' activities and helps in conserving energy and recovery.
So, the correct answer to the question is E) sympathetic division and parasympathetic division. These two divisions work in opposition to manage the body's internal environment, often contributing to its homeostasis, which is the balance of internal conditions.