Final answer:
Breastmilk is ideal for all infants, especially preterm ones, due to its nutrient-rich composition, immunoglobulins for immunity, ease of digestion, and adaptability to an infant's changing needs. Colostrum initially boosts the immune system, while ongoing lactation supports overall growth and development. The act of suckling benefits the mother's physiology as well as the infant's digestive health.
Step-by-step explanation:
Breastmilk is highly recommended for all babies, particularly for preterm infants, due to its complete nutritional profile and immune-boosting components. During lactation, there is a remarkable adaptation in the composition of breastmilk to meet the varying developmental needs of a growing baby. Immediately after birth, the mother produces a special kind of milk called colostrum, which is rich in immunoglobulins that play a crucial role in boosting the newborn’s immune system. In the first few days postpartum, the colostrum transitions to mature breastmilk, which caters to the infant's needs, from hydration to satiety.
For preterm infants, who are particularly vulnerable due to their underdeveloped body systems, breastmilk can be life-saving. It is easier to digest than cow’s milk or formula, contains the perfect balance of nutrients, and most importantly, protects the infant by passing on maternal antibodies.
The act of suckling itself has benefits for both the mother and the infant. It triggers the release of oxytocin, which is essential for milk ejection and helps the mother's uterus return to its pre-pregnancy size. Breastfeeding also supports the infant's ability to expel meconium and effectively clear bilirubin, thus reducing the risk of jaundice. Over the course of lactation, and even over the duration of a single feeding, breastmilk evolves. The initial foremilk quenches thirst; the latter hindmilk provides higher fat content to satisfy hunger.