Final answer:
Employers can challenge a trade union's Application for Certification rather than automatically accepting it or needing government approval to proceed. This practice varies by country, with certain legal limitations on employer opposition to unionization.
Step-by-step explanation:
Once an employer is notified that a trade union has made an Application for Certification, the correct answer is that the employer can challenge the certification. In the context of labor relations, once an application for union certification is filed, employers are not required to automatically accept the certification. They have the legal right to contest the union's attempt to organize their employees. This may involve challenging the validity of the evidence provided by the union, such as membership cards or petitions.
In regions like Canada, a union can be formed when a sufficient proportion of workers sign an official card endorsing the formation of a union. However, employers have lawful limits on their ability to oppose such unionization efforts, unlike in the United States, where employers can campaign vigorously against union formation. Despite this, the basic principle remains that an employer can challenge a certification application in many jurisdictions.