Final answer:
Hazrat Ali's mother was Fatimah bint Asad. Ali is an important figure in Islam, having married Muhammad's daughter Fatima and served as the fourth Caliph. The Fatimid Caliphate was a Shia caliphate claiming descent from Ali.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mother of Hazrat Ali was Fatimah bint Asad. She was not to be confused with the other notable women in Islamic history such as Aminah bint Wahb, Muhammad's mother; Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, Muhammad's first wife; or Aisha bint Abi Bakr, Muhammad's third wife. Ali was a pivotal figure in Islamic history, ultimately serving as the fourth Caliph and marrying the Prophet Muhammad's daughter, Fatima, solidifying his key position in both Sunni and Shia Islam.
In the context of Shia Islam, legitimate caliphs must be descended from a particular early figure in Islamic history. The Shia believe in the importance of the family lineage of Muhammad, especially through his cousin and son-in-law Ali, who became the first Imam. This belief is central to Shia Islam, as Ali's followers, who became known as the Shi'a, contended that Ali was the rightful successor to Prophet Muhammad.
The Fatimid Caliphate was the only Shia caliphate established by a dynasty, which claimed descent from Ali through Fatima, Muhammad's daughter. The Fatimid caliphs also claimed to be Imams, with spiritual authority over Muslims. The Fatimid Caliphate was significant in Islamic history, particularly for its Shia orientation and its establishment in Egypt.