Final answer:
The first Fatimid Caliph established Cairo as their capital in Africa after founding the city in 969, making it the center of the Shia-dominated Fatimid Caliphate.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first Fatimid Caliph established the city of Cairo as their capital in Africa. Founded in 969, Cairo became the center of the Fatimid Caliphate, which at its height claimed lands from Algeria to Syria. This Caliphate was unique because it was the only Shia caliphate among the four original caliphates succeeding the Prophet Muhammad. The Fatimids, who were originally Berbers from Tunisia, claimed their descent from Fatimah, the Prophet's daughter. They moved their capital to Cairo and, from there, ruled their lands, including the holy city of Mecca.