Final answer:
Correctness attempts to establish the program is error-free; testing attempts to find if there are any errors in the program.
Step-by-step explanation:
Correctness attempts to establish the program is error-free; testing attempts to find if there are any errors in the program.
Correctness is achieved through techniques like static code analysis, formal verification, and code review. Testing, on the other hand, involves executing the program with different inputs and checking if the expected outputs are produced. This can be done through techniques like unit testing, integration testing, and system testing.
For example, if a program is expected to calculate the sum of two numbers, correctness would ensure that the program indeed calculates the correct sum without any errors. Testing, on the other hand, would involve running the program with different pairs of numbers and checking if the calculated sum matches the expected result.