Final answer:
When implementing a token economy, the initial ratio between the number of tokens earned and the price of backup items should be determined based on the objectives of the system.
Step-by-step explanation:
When implementing a token economy, the initial ratio between the number of tokens earned and the price of the backup items should be determined based on the objectives of the system. In a token economy, tokens are given as rewards for desired behaviors, and these tokens can be exchanged for backup items or privileges agreed upon in advance.
For example, if the goal is to increase a specific behavior, such as completing homework, the initial ratio of tokens earned for completing homework can be set higher to provide a greater incentive. As the behavior becomes more consistent, the ratio can be adjusted to a lower value to maintain the behavior.
The key is to find a balance where the initial ratio is motivating enough for individuals to engage in the desired behavior, but not so high that it becomes unsustainable or loses its effectiveness over time.