Final answer:
An anorectal fistula is usually caused by an infection that results in an abscess, which then develops into a fistula if not properly drained. Surgical treatment may be required, such as the creation of an ileostomy. Cultural studies shed light on the diverse impacts of fistulas and their treatments in different communities.
Step-by-step explanation:
An anorectal fistula is typically caused by an infection in the anorectal glands located in the anus, which can lead to an abscess. When the abscess doesn't drain completely, it can develop into a fistula. This condition may require surgical management, where options include creating a new fecal pouch from the small intestine, or in cases where this is not possible, performing an ileostomy. An ileostomy involves bringing the distal ileum out through the abdominal wall, allowing the watery chyme to be collected in an adhesive appliance. Cultural perspectives, such as those explored by Allison Heller in her study of fistula among women in Niger, may influence the understanding and management of fistulas, which carry significant social and health impacts, especially in resource-limited settings.
Fistulas can dramatically impact quality of life, leading to incontinence and social stigma. Treatments typically involve surgeries which may vary in success, particularly depending on the severity of the condition. Prevention of similar but unrelated conditions like urinary tract infections may include maintaining good hygiene to reduce fecal contamination, especially in women due to the anatomical proximity of the anus to the urethra.