Final answer:
The interior part of the temporal bone is called the petrous portion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The anatomical term for the interior part of the temporal bone is the petrous portion of the temporal bone. This portion forms a prominent, diagonally oriented petrous ridge in the floor of the cranial cavity. Inside the petrous ridge are small cavities that house the structures of the middle and inner ears. The surgical technique used on the fragile bones that comprise the base and side of the skull is known as temporal bone microsurgery.