Final answer:
NOD-family receptors feature PAMP recognition and intracellular localization, which differentiate them from other receptors like receptor tyrosine kinases that have kinase activity and transmembrane regions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two common features of all NOD-family receptors are PAMP recognition and intracellular localization. These receptors are a type of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that are crucial for the innate immune response, allowing cells like phagocytic cells and cytotoxic NK cells to identify pathogens by recognizing molecular patterns specific to these invaders, such as bacterial cell wall components. Unlike receptor tyrosine kinases, which are involved in signalling pathways like the MAP-kinase cascade and have extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular domains, NOD-family receptors are typically located within the cell and are not associated with phosphorylation of tyrosine residues or with direct DNA binding.