Final answer:
Insulin is released by the pancreas when blood glucose levels rise after a meal, promoting the uptake of glucose into cells and storage as glycogen in the liver. Glucagon is released when levels drop, to increase blood sugar through glycogen breakdown. Proper regulation is critical to prevent hyperglycemia and maintain healthy glucose levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
When blood glucose levels rise after a meal, the pancreas responds by releasing insulin. This hormone facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells and signals the liver to convert excess glucose into glycogen through a process known as glycogenesis. This action helps to reduce elevated blood glucose levels back to normal.
Consequently, cells receive energy and glycogen stores are built up for future energy needs. Conversely, when blood glucose levels fall, such as between meals or during intense exercise, the pancreas releases glucagon. Glucagon promotes glycogen breakdown and glucose production to raise blood glucose levels to a normal range.
If blood glucose levels exceed the normal range significantly, resulting in hyperglycemia, it can lead to symptoms like frequent urination and the presence of glucose in urine. Hyperglycemia is a concerning condition and is often associated with diabetes mellitus, where the regulation of blood glucose by insulin is impaired.