Final answer:
Tokenism can lead to Groupthink, where individuals conform to what they believe is the group consensus, potentially resulting in less effective decisions due to a lack of diverse opinions(option b).
Step-by-step explanation:
The passage indicates that women are tokens in medical and law schools. A possible effect of tokenism is Groupthink, which is the modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus. Groupthink often results in decisions that individuals would not make independently because it can hinder opposing trains of thought and promote homogeneous opinions within the group.
Tokenism in the context of medical and law schools can lead to Groupthink where women may feel pressure to conform to the prevailing views or decisions of the predominantly male group, potentially quashing diverse opinions and leading to less effective or faulty group decisions.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B. Groupthink.