Final answer:
In a primary endocrine disorder, the problem lies with the non-trophic gland itself, which can lead to either hypersecretion or hyposecretion of hormones. Common causes include tumors, with symptoms varying based on the hormone involved. Dysfunction in these glands disrupts endocrine system feedback loops. The correct option is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a primary endocrine disorder, the non-trophic gland is malfunctioning. This means that the actual endocrine gland that is responsible for hormone production is not functioning correctly, which could be due to a variety of reasons, such as a tumor, hypersecretion, or hyposecretion of hormones.
For instance, a tumor in the adrenal gland could lead to excessive secretion of growth hormone, causing gigantism; whereas, in Type 1 diabetes, insufficient insulin production by the pancreas leads to high blood glucose levels.
Common symptoms of primary endocrine disorders involve either hypersecretion or hyposecretion of hormones, with tumors frequently being the cause of hypersecretion. Diseases like hypothyroidism or hypoparathyroidism are characterized by hyposecretion, leading to symptoms like low metabolic rate or abnormally low blood calcium levels, respectively.
The endocrine system is a complex network that includes feedback loops, such as the one regulating the thyroid gland, which is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Therefore, issues with non-trophic glands inevitably disrupt these feedback mechanisms, underscoring the role of dysfunctional glands in primary endocrine disorders.