Final answer:
Glass ionomer cement is considered the most biologically compatible luting cement in dentistry due to its excellent biocompatibility, ability to release fluoride, and favorable thermal expansion properties. Zinc oxide eugenol also has good biocompatibility and is used for its sedative properties on the pulp, though it is typically used as a temporary cement.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the field of dentistry, the most biologically compatible luting cement is often considered to be glass ionomer cement (GIC). GICs have excellent biocompatibility due to their ability to adhere to tooth structure and release fluoride, which can help in preventing secondary caries. They also have favorable thermal expansion properties that closely match those of natural tooth structure, minimizing the risk of creating stresses in the tooth that could lead to fracture or decay.
Another type of cement that is known for good biocompatibility, especially in patients with allergies to metals, is zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE). ZOE has sedative properties on the pulp and is sometimes used as a temporary cement because of its ease of removal and low strength. However, its long-term use is limited due to its lesser mechanical properties compared to GIC and other cements.
It's also important to note that while these materials are generally biocompatible, the actual response may vary from patient to patient and sometimes might depend on the operative technique and the individual's sensitivity to materials used in dental procedures.