Final answer:
The transformation of a resin material from a pliable state to a hardened restoration is known as curing or polymerization, often achieved using a special light in dental procedures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process by which the resin material is changed from a pliable state to a hardened restoration is known as curing or polymerization. This process is common in dental restorations, where a resin composite material is applied in a pliable state to the area needing a restoration. Once in place, the material is typically hardened using a special light that initiates the polymerization process, transforming the resin into a durable restoration designed to function like natural tooth structure.