Final answer:
GDP includes the value of goods and services produced in a country, such as hospital costs and new car sales, while it excludes non-market activities, second-hand sales, and product variety improvements.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cost of hospital stays, child care provided by a licensed day care center, a new car sale, and the iron that goes into the steel that goes into a refrigerator bought by a consumer are all included in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). On the other hand, the rise in life expectancy over time, child care provided by a grandmother, a used car sale, and the greater variety of cheese available in supermarkets are not included in the GDP calculations. GDP measures the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period and these exclusions pertain to non-market transactions, second-hand sales, and quality/varieties which do not have a direct market transaction value.