Final answer:
Modernization theory posits that factors like industrialization and economic growth can lead to structural societal changes, fostering democracy. Empirical evidence supports a correlation between development and democratization, with technology, historical events, and economic conditions cited as significant influences.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to modernization theory, the factors that induce development in societies entail industrialization and economic growth, leading to structural changes that foster increased political representation and the establishment of democratic institutions. While it's challenging to pinpoint a direct causal mechanism, empirical evidence suggests a correlation between economic growth and democratization. Scholars like UCLA's Barbara Geddes and University of Chicago's James A. Robinson support the hypothesis that modernization creates suitable conditions for democracy. Furthermore, technology, social institutions, population, and the environment stand out as common causes of social change, contributing to or hindering modernization. Critical historical moments are also highlighted by scholars like Daron Acemoglu as vital in determining divergent economic and political paths. On the other hand, Adam Przeworski and Fernando Limongi emphasize that while economic development may not necessarily instigate a transition to democracy, once established, a democratic regime in economically developed societies tends to be resilient.