Final answer:
Ozone (O3) is the highly active form of oxygen that causes significant irritation to mucous membranes and can damage lung tissue both short and long-term.
Step-by-step explanation:
The highly active form of oxygen that can cause significant irritation to all mucous membranes is Ozone (O3). Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen that is highly reactive and has the ability to oxidize and destroy lung tissue. Studies have shown that short-term exposures to elevated levels of ozone can lead to respiratory irritations like coughing, wheezing, and pharyngitis. Prolonged exposure can even cause a permanent reduction in lung function and elevate the risk of developing asthma. Nitrous oxides (NOx) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) contribute to ozone at the ground level, which is an irritant and damages the lungs.