Final answer:
Pop Art is an art movement that integrates elements of popular and commercial culture, contrary to Abstract Expressionism's focus on existential themes. Conceptual Art emphasizes the idea over the art object itself. Surrealism influenced both by encouraging freedom of expression and fantastical imagery.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pop Art emerged as a response to Abstract Expressionism, reacting to the elitist culture of art and bringing in elements from popular and commercial culture. Influential pop artists like Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein turned mundane objects into art, such as soup cans and comic strips, making art accessible to the broader public. This form of art embraced the post-World War II consumer culture and continues to be reflected in today's media-heavy environment. Pop art served to diminish the gap between 'high' art and 'low' cultural forms, which was not the focus of Abstract Expressionists who sought to capture more existential and soul-searching themes.
Conceptual Art, on the other hand, focuses on the concept or idea presented by the art piece rather than the art object itself, thus further challenging traditional notions of art. Surrealism, preceding both Pop Art and Abstract Expressionism, influenced the freedom of expression seen in these subsequent movements by its escape from realism and incorporation of dream-like and fantastical elements, as seen in the works of Salvador Dalí and René Magritte.