Final answer:
The statement that the temperance movement was partly a result of new social conditions, including increased urbanization and immigration, is true. The movement was a response to the challenges posed by the rapid growth of cities and the accompanying social issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
The temperance movement indeed stemmed from new social conditions such as increasing urbanization and immigration, making the correct answer to whether this statement is true or false a. True. This movement arose in the 19th century largely in response to the social upheavals and problems that accompanied industrialization and urban growth. As cities grew rapidly due to both immigration and internal migration, the social fabric shifted, and issues such as alcohol abuse became more prominent, leading reformers to advocate for the reduction or elimination of alcohol consumption.
Substance abuse treatment and substance use disorder spoke to concerns that the temperance movement sought to address, albeit in a very different historical context. These terms are relevant when discussing modern approaches to addiction and dependency, which are more medically and therapeutically informed than the methods espoused during the temperance era.