Final answer:
The four themes that Neumann identifies in the history of national parks are the myth of emptiness, dispossession, marginalization, and resistance.
Step-by-step explanation:
There are four themes that Neumann identifies in the history of national parks, which are: c) Myth of emptiness, dispossession, marginalization, resistance. These themes reflect the societal and environmental impacts of the establishment and management of national parks. The myth of emptiness refers to the perception that land was uninhabited and empty before the establishment of parks, leading to the dispossession and marginalization of indigenous populations. Resistance refers to the ongoing struggles and conflicts between different groups regarding the use and management of park lands. This complex historical context recognizes the efforts of early conservationists who were driven by romantic and transcendentalist views, such as John Muir and Henry David Thoreau, as well as the shift towards resource management led by Gifford Pinchot, who proponed the utilitarian conservation approach of 'sustained yield'.