Question

According to Bebbington, what are the 5 currents of socio-environmental movement that he identifies? What potential kinds of tension are present between them?

a) Conservation, preservation, reform, resistance, and transformation; tension related to goals and strategies
b) Globalism, localism, capitalism, socialism, and anarchism; tension related to ideologies
c) Indigenous rights, environmental justice, climate change activism, sustainable development, and anti-globalization; tension related to priorities
d) Advocacy, lobbying, protest, litigation, and education; tension related to tactics and methods

Answer 1

Bebington identifies five socio-environmental movement currents: Conservation, Preservation, Reform, Resistance, and Transformation, which often experience tensions related to their distinct goals and strategies.

Step-by-step explanation:

According to Bebington's identification of socio-environmental movement currents, the five types are: Conservation, Preservation, Reform, Resistance, and Transformation. The potential kinds of tension present between these movements are related to their differing goals and strategies. For example, conservationists may focus on sustainable use of natural resources, while preservationists seek to protect nature from any use. Reformist movements might look to change specific policies, resistance movements oppose certain developments or policies, and transformation movements aim for a fundamental change in the way society interacts with the environment. These differing objectives can lead to tensions as each movement may prioritize their objectives differently and use various strategies to achieve them.