Final answer:
The motivations for illegal trade identified by Rucevska include the pursuit of economic gain, which makes it tempting to participate in illegal activities such as drug trafficking and wildlife trade. Firms may also be involved due to the allure of higher profits from illegal activities like price fixing. Governmental trade barriers and national interest policies can unintentionally foster an environment where illegal trade becomes more viable.
Step-by-step explanation:
The report by Rucevska on motivations for illegal trade highlights several factors that motivate this activity. Economic gain from illegal trade is a significant motivator as it often proves to be highly lucrative, despite legal risks. This is evident in the illegal drug trade, which offers the opportunity to make vast or even meager sums of money in areas with limited economic opportunities. The proximity of production areas to large markets such as the United States and Europe and the spatial logics of agricultural production can facilitate and encourage the drug trade. Furthermore, illegal trade in wildlife also occurs due to economic incentives. There is a high value placed on the illicit trade in wildlife, which is considered one of the most significant threats to various species.
The urge for higher profits leads firms to engage in price fixing and market carving, which are illegal but temptingly profitable activities. Lastly, trade barriers such as tariffs, and the governmental policies that restrict foreign products from entering a country, are also forms of legal restrictions on trade. These policies can unintentionally create situations where illegal trade becomes a more attractive alternative, due to the economic incentives involved.
Environmentalists and politicians also express concerns that can indirectly influence trade, such as the possibility of multinational firms evading environmental laws or a country becoming too dependent on critical imports. Governments utilize trade barriers to protect national interests, which can unintentionally encourage illegal trade when legal avenues become too restricted or economically unfavorable.