Final answer:
The 'politics' of sanitation between Rafinagar and Khotwadi likely differed based on socio-economic factors and the local political landscape, influencing the strategies residents used to pressure authorities. Historical events such as The Great Stink in London illustrate how public outcry can lead to government action. Residents of urban areas with inadequate sanitation historically have used various strategies like protests and political influence to demand change.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Desai, the 'politics' of sanitation differed between Rafinagar and Khotwadi significantly. While there is no direct reference to these exact locations within the provided materials, we can infer strategies that might have been used based on historical examples of sanitation politics in urban environments. In areas with poor sanitation, residents often faced health risks due to inadequate waste disposal and lack of clean water. In urban settings where the wealthy and middle classes were threatened by the consequences of poor sanitation, politicians would typically act to mitigate these threats. This response would be driven by the demand of these influential groups, possibly ignoring the needs of the working poor or immigrant populations. The residents, in turn, would have potentially used their voting power or participation in political groups to pressure politicians and service operators for improvements.
For instance, during events like The Great Stink in London, public outcry led to government intervention to address the foul conditions. Similarly, in the American context activists like Florence Kelley highlighted the spread of diseases through products made in unsanitary conditions, pushing for reforms. However, in areas where government responses were lackluster, residents might have turned to local political groups, some of which could have been corrupt to seek remedies for their sanitation woes. The strategies used by residents to put pressure on politicians or service operators would depend on various factors such as the socio-economic makeup of the community, existing political structures, and the severity of sanitation issues. In Rafinagar and Khotwadi, the strategies could include organized protests utilizing media coverage, influencing elections, or direct appeals to service providers and officials.