Final answer:
Terrestrial planets are composed of rock and are closer to the sun, while Jovian planets are composed mostly of gas and are located further away from the sun. This division is attributed to the varying conditions and compositions at their respective locations during their formation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Jovian planets, or gas giants, such as Jupiter and Saturn, are located farther away from the sun and are composed mostly of hydrogen and helium. On the other hand, terrestrial planets like Earth and Mars are closer to the sun and primarily made up of rocks and metals. The reason for this distinction is attributed to the different conditions under which these planets formed.
The inner planets closer to the sun and most asteroids are composed of rocky materials because they can withstand high temperatures and do not contain much ice or gas, which would evaporate in such conditions. Conversely, the outer planets, which are colder, have higher amounts of ice and gas in their composition. This variation in composition is indicative of the original material from which the solar system formed.
Furthermore, observations of other planetary systems show the formation of solar nebulas or circumstellar disks around young stars, resembling the initial stages of our own solar system. These findings further support the understanding that the division between terrestrial and Jovian planets is a result of different conditions and compositions during their formation.